1. Compare and contrast Freud’s theory of dreams as wish fulfillment, the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, and the neurocognitive theory of dreaming.

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1. Compare and contrast Freud’s theory of dreams as wish fulfillment, the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, and the neurocognitive theory of dreaming. (200 words)

2. Explain the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment, and give examples of punishment by application and of punishment by removal. (200 words)