) How extensive is the portion of the original that is being used?; 4) Is the use of the copyrighted likely to impact negatively the value of the original.) 1. What creates or determines the value of a meme?

Grumpy Cat vs. Futurama Fry As online meme making and sharing took off in the early 2000s, the monetization of memes in one way or another emerged together with copyright infringement issues. Here are two examples. Grumpy Cat, the wildly popular image of real life cat Tardar Sauce’s keenly sour looks, first appeared as a meme in 2012 and quickly gained super meme status, with plentiful and diverse variations. Grumpy Cat owners soon trademarked the image and created a company selling licenses to use it. In 2018, the Grumpy Cat company sued a coffee company for an unauthorized use of its trademark and was rewarded $710, 200 in damages. After fans of the television show Futurama created several highly popular online memes using material from the show, the show itself used these memes in their advertising campaign in the fall of 2012. In other words, the show freely used unofficial, unauthorized recreations of its own copyrighted material to make a profit Supplement ：Definitions from The Library of Congress Copyright: Refers to the exclusive rights of creators–writers, photographers, artists, film producers, composers, programmers to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies, and publicly perform and display their works. These rights may be transferred or assigned in whole or in part in writing by the creator. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, a work created by an employee is usually owned by the employer. Fair Use: A legal doctrine that promotes freedom of expression by permitting the unlicensed use of copyright-protected works in certain circumstances. The fair use doctrine is considered to apply on a case by case basis taking into account 4 factors: 1) How, with what purpose is the copyrighted material being used; 2) To what extent does the use transform the original; 3) How extensive is the portion of the original that is being used?; 4) Is the use of the copyrighted likely to impact negatively the value of the original.) 1. What creates or determines the value of a meme? In what ways—if any–does meme generation involve plagiarism? 2. Who should copyright law protect in the case of these memes? Who do memes belong to? 3. How does making profits work in scholarly journal publishing according to the video Open Access, 101 you viewed for homework? How does scholarly journal publishing compare to the examples of meme monetization here? 101 https://vimeo.com/6973160 …
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