In which respect does Iraq have very shallow roots as a nation? Explain how this feature has constituted an obstacle to the country’s political and economic development?

one complete paragraph for each question.

1. In which respect does Iraq have very shallow roots as a nation? Explain how this feature has constituted an obstacle to the country’s political and economic development?
2. How were Saddam Hussein and the men around him able to create and sustain such a powerful regime, especially after all the setbacks during the two decades before the 2003 war?