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Smarthinking Tutor Response Form
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Hello Carla! My name is Keirrie and I look forward to working with you on this Health Sciences and Nursing Essay Review to improve your writing today. Let’s get started!
Writer’s Name: Carla
Institution:Regis College Nursing
Course Level/Title: NU 629-06-20PCS3 Adv. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Essay Title: Transgender
Assignment Description: Could you please correct my paper
Essay Strengths: Hi Carla, you have a great beginning to your transgender healthcare promotion essay.
Introduction/Conclusion: These are good. No recommendations on content for these.
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Promoting Healthcare
Carla Mancho
Regis College
07/07/20
Section one [center this]
Introduction
According to the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) [does not need to be in all caps], having merely the absence of diseases does not mean that one is healthy. Therefore the precise definition of an individual’s health is having a complete status of physical, social, and mental wellbeing allowing the individual to adapt with their daily demands sufficiently. [citation?] Health concepts involve understanding everybody regardless of their ethnicity, religion, or social difference. All individuals have the right to access high standard healthcare, but the unequal distribution of [society’s?] development leads to unequal distribution of healthcare promotion programs. Since we [remove we] all want to benefit from proper medical and healthcare services, we [replace we with one] should not just depend on the government [for promotion of health care, everyone has a responsibility to seek out healthcare? You can re-write, however, remove we] as we also have the responsibility of promoting healthcare. The vulnerable group is a collection of individuals who experience high poverty rates and social exclusion [more] than other people. They have high chances of contracting diseases and increase burden related to an emergency when disasters strike. The vulnerable group includes children, pregnant women, elderly and immune-compromised individuals. This paper focuses on ways of promoting healthcare for the vulnerable population.
As people advance technologically, health continues to change since human being [beings? Or healthcare providers?] have been implementing different ideas, developing a science-based approach, innovating new technology and epidemiology for generations. In most cases, the diseases that emerge are finally [remove finally] dealt with, and this involves endless effort to get the solution. For instance, before the discovery of smallpox vaccines by Edward Jenner’s [Jenner] in 1796, the disease had wiped out thousands of individuals. The discovery of such vaccines has helped [indviduals live longer and healthier lives. Modern science has found ways they can create and implement vaccines and medications for other diseases (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2014)]. modern science to find ways in which they can discover similar vaccines and medicines (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2014). It is, therefore, evident the historical records of heath have the potential to help in understanding health-related issues and making it quicker to develop ways that can help in dealing with current or new situations. Tulchinsky & Varavikova (2014) states that public health history has knowledge and approaches that have been implemented in modern science to improve health and protect the public against disease outbreaks.
Different government[governments and countries implement various initiatives to deal with health issues] or countries implements various initiatives to deal with health issues. For instance, the united states [United States] have a Healthy People initiative which lay down a science-based, ten years objectives of improving the health of all Americans. During this time, the country focuses on twelve health-related issues and gives way forward towards addressing each on the matter appropriately. The objective [objectives] set in every decade helps to assess the progress in terms of public health at the national level and motives individuals to work toward achieving each of the goals set. The initiative also promotes collaboration of the healthcare sector with both internal and external environments. The Healthy People initiative goals include attaining high-quality in healthcare, improving a long life that is free from diseases, and enhancing public health equity. The program is also designed to develop a social and physical environment that eliminates disparities. However, this is not the limit because the Health People Initiative has a general focus on health and address a dynamic aspect related to health issues, including education. [Citations needed]
But [delete but and start the sentence with If] if one of the objectives of Healthy People 2020 is to prevent diseases, why not get to [remove “get to”] understand the levels of prevention? According to Kisling & Das (2019), the level of prevention strategy includes primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary preventions, and each approach helps to address the five-stage [stages] of a disease. For instance, primordial prevention is an early strategy that focuses on reducing the risk factors in a community using regulation and national policy measures. The approach focuses on identifying social and environmental condition that contributes to the onset of diseases, especially to children. The primary prevention strategy focuses on the susceptible population to ensure that disease never occurs. One of the ways of how this works is by improving individual immunity to suppress the infection and prevent it from progressing to subclinical disease. In case an individual is already at the subclinical stage, then the secondary prevention strategy comes in handy. Secondary prevention approach applies the screening method to assess pathologic changes since there are no symptoms diagnosable by doctors during visits. Kisling & Das (2019) suggest that Papanicolaou (Pap) smear as one of the best examples of secondary prevention used to diagnose cervical cancer at the subclinical stage. The third stage is known as tertiary prevention used for symptomatic patients. It combines the clinical stage with the outcome stage to identify measures that can help to reduce the disease severity. Quaternary is the last prevention stage preferred by advanced practice registered (APRN) nurses and healthcare providers, and its purpose as the best approach for identifying the possibility of overmedication to prevent the patient from medical invasion. The core aim at this stage is to ensure that the medical therapy prescribed to the patient does not cause more harm but rather help as intended. A good example is how the American preventive services task force makes suggestions for prevention strategies, and the advisory committee on immunization practices gives suggestions on vaccination. [Ensure you have citations throughout this paragraph for work that is not your own]
APRN [delete nurses the N in APRN is nurses] nurses are an essential part of the healthcare facility, and they play a crucial role in disease prevention and health promotion. Some of the roles include providing general education to the patient through various areas like the importance of nutrition as well as physical exercises. It is also the role of an APRN nurse [delete nurse] to monitor the patient and report any possibility of a high-risk situation of a different illness to doctors [APRNs need to report any high risk situation to the providers]. For example, if monitoring patients with a history of heart disease, the nurse should encourage the patient to take regular cholesterol tests and advice the patient about a healthy lifestyle (Bryant-Lukosius et al., 2017). APRN nurse act as a patient advocate for adequate health as well as educates them on what to expect in case of an unprepared incident. This role helps to promote prevention strategies and support health promotion. The APRN nurse also has the responsibility of maintaining the patients’ respect and dignity throughout the treatment process since some patients are unable to understand the medical process. Since the patient has to be assessed regularly, the nurse has the role of recording important information that helps in treatment decision making [please remove nurse after APRN throughout]
Section two [center]
According to [the] WHO [(date)] vulnerability refers to an individual, population, or organization’s degree of exposure to a disaster that they are unable to recover from due to different limiting factors such as poverty, malnutrition, and destitution. Health disparity refers to the difference between or among population groups in terms of attaining health under situation such as prevalence, mortality, adverse condition, and disease burden (Baciu et al., 2017). Vulnerability and health disparity have a negative impact, such as increasing the burden related to emergencies, and cultural competence is one of the strategies used to minimize the impact they have on health promotion efforts. Cultural competence is the provider’s or organization’s ability to implement strategies that promote effective delivery healthcare services that meet the diverse patients’ needs. Through this approach, healthcare provider [providers improve] improves their ability to communicate, understand and interact with patients in a manner that meets their needs in all aspect related to Health [health] (Saha, Beach & Cooper, 2008).
Healthcare providers can implement [cultural competence?] this approach to the vulnerable population group [who identify as transgender. Transgender are people who have a gender expression…]such as transgender who are people who have a gender expression that differ from their sex assigned at birth [end the sentence after birth, and eliminate to eliminate discrimination and mistreatment in the healthcare sector.] Vermeir, Jackson & Marshall (2018), states that cultural competence component such as understanding about gender identity helps healthcare providers to effectively interact and acknowledge the needs and eliminate the healthcare barrier for the transgender group. It would also promote nurses’ role as patient advocacy [advocate] to support justices for their patients without discrimination or violation of the law. Davoodvand, Abbaszadeh & Ahmadi (2016) suggest that every patient is vulnerable because they have experienced some degree of damages. Combining both patient advocacy and cultural competence is essential since it would help transgender individuals to receive better and non-discriminative services in the healthcare sector. This would change the negative view some of the healthcare providers have about the transgender group.
Section three [center]
Mirza & Rooney (2019) suggests that despite it being the right of every individual to access healthcare services in any healthcare facility the issues of mistreatment, denial to services and harassment are still practised [practiced] in some of the healthcare facilities. According to the Center for American Progress, a significant number of transgender populations always complain of discrimination and denial of services (Felsenstein, 2018). One factor that may contribute to this high rate of mistreatment of the transgender group includes lack of awareness and low literacy on the social and cultural aspects of this group among healthcare providers. This is why implementing training to healthcare providers on cultural competence, and patient advocacy is essential. Healthy-People (2020) reveals that one of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 Initiative is to improve the health, wellbeing, and safety of the transgender and LGB people. Discrimination and mistreatment is the core contributing factor to inadequate access to healthcare services for the transgender population. This is evident since according to Hughto, Pachankis, & Reisner (2018) research [researched and found] they found out that most of the transgender population experience mistreatment in healthcare in their lifetime. Therefore the preventive measures essential for mitigating these issues should include implementing legal discrimination laws in healthcare facilities and workplace institutions. It is also vital to implement social programs and training approaches such as gender guidance that will help to create awareness and promote cultural competence and positive interaction.
The ResearcherGate webpage reveals several pieces of evidence used in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) to study the transgender community. First, CBPR promotes collaboration with the community and professional approach throughout every step in the research procedure. Wright et al. (2017) include that their study found a strong partnership that enables the participants to learn from each other and gain skills as well as gain more understanding of the importance of safe, respectful, and supporting cultural competence environment. The National Center for Transgender Equality provides different types of resources for this group, such as health care, insurance, and additional mental health resources, legal resources, and domestic violence resources (Additional help, 2019). Additionally, the USAID also has a program that supports vulnerable populations, such as displaced children and orphan fund programs, Leahy War victims fund, victims of the torture program and wheelchair and disability program among other programs (“Vulnerable populations programs,” 2016).
The following links provide farther [further] information:
https://transequality.org/additional-help [you will want to give a brief description to what is found at these links]
Conclusion [center]
From this, it is clear that health has a complete status of physical, social, and mental wellbeing, allowing individuals to perform their daily activities. Health changes continuously as the technology continues to advance, and we apply approaches such as trial and error, scientific methods, and implementation of technology techniques. Healthy People 2020 is one of the current initiatives that demonstrate different prevention strategies that are used for health promotion and disease prevention. ARPN nurse [delete nurse] has a role in healthcare to act as a patient advocate, develop public awareness, and promote the implementation of CBPR and cultural competence. The vulnerable populations have equal rights as anybody else. The nation has made a significant effort in promoting and preventing diseases. There is much that is yet to be done to ensure that the quality of life of every resident is improved.
References
Additional help. (2019, April 23). Retrieved from https://transequality.org/additional-help
Baciu, A., Negussie, Y., Geller, A., Weinstein, J. N., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The state of health disparities in the United States. In Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity. National Academies Press (US).
Bryant-Lukosius, D., Valaitis, R., Martin-Misener, R., Donald, F., Peña, L. M., & Brousseau, L. (2017). Advanced practice nursing: a strategy for achieving universal health coverage and universal access to health. Revista Latino-Americana de enfermagem, 25.
Davoodvand, S., Abbaszadeh, A., & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from the clinical nurses’ viewpoint: a qualitative study. Journal of medical ethics and the history of medicine, 9.
HealthyPeople. (2020). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health | Healthy people 2020. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health
Hughto, J. M. W., Pachankis, J. E., & Reisner, S. L. (2018). Healthcare mistreatment and avoidance in trans masculine adults: The mediating role of rejection sensitivity. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(4), 471–481
Kisling, L. A., & Das, J. M. (2019). Prevention Strategies.
Mirza A. S., & Rooney C. (2019, August 13). Discrimination prevents LGBTQ people from accessing health care. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/news/2018/01/18/445130/discrimination-prevents-lgbtq-people-accessing-health-care/
Rosen, G. (2015). A history of public health. JHU Press.
Tulchinsky, T. H., & Varavikova, E. A. (2014). A history of public health. The New Public Health, 1.
Saha, S., Beach, M. C., & Cooper, L. A. (2008). Patient centeredness, cultural competence, and healthcare quality. Journal of the National Medical Association, 100(11), 1275-1285.
Vermeir, E., Jackson, L. A., & Marshall, E. G. (2018). Improving Healthcare Providers’ Interactions with Trans Patients: Recommendations to Promote Cultural Competence. Healthcare Policy, 14(1), 11.
Vulnerable populations programs. (2016, February 26). Retrieved from https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/democracy-human-rights-and-governance/protecting-human-rights/vulnerable-populations
Wright, L. A., King, D. K., Retrum, J. H., Helander, K., Wilkins, S., Boggs, J. M., … & Gozansky, W. S. (2017). Lessons learned from community-based participatory research:
