uestion 2 of 20 5.0 Points Popper’s demarcation criterion of falsifiability runs into two difficulties. One of which is:

uestion 2 of 20 5.0 Points

Popper’s demarcation criterion of falsifiability runs into two difficulties. One of which is:

 

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A. historical Zeitgeists.

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B. scientific theories actually compete with each other as well as with nature.

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C. it does not agree with the nomological approach.

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D. fulfilling all your desires without exception.

Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points

In the Hempel and Oppenheim covering-law model of explanation, explanation is basically the same as:

 

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A. understanding.

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B. control.

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C. prediction.

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D. superstition.

Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points

Who was the Archaic Greek Philosopher that in essence told his student, “This is how I see things- how I believe things are. Try to improve upon my teaching.”

 

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A. Leahey

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B. Achilles

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C. Elgin Marbles

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D. Thales

Question 5 of 20 5.0 Points

According to Thomas Kuhn, most eras in science are dominated by a single Weltanschauung called a(n):

 

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A. Gestalt.

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B. research plan.

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C. paradigm.

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D. axiom set.

Question 6 of 20 5.0 Points

Like Wittgenstein, the Weltanschauung approach to science views science as being:

 

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A. essentially rational.

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B. engaged in the search for truth.

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C. based on models of nature.

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D. a form of life.

Question 7 of 20 5.0 Points

In a Kuhn’s view of science, what provides scientists with a blueprint and foundation for scientific enterprises?

 

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A. The covering law

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B. The falsification test

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C. Anomalies

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D. A paradigm

Question 8 of 20 5.0 Points

The thesis that unobserved, theoretically postulated entities actually exist is called:

 

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A. instrumentalism.

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B. realism.

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C. unificationism.

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D. positivism.

Question 9 of 20 5.0 Points

The most important Greek moral value was sophrosyne, which meant:

 

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A. finding your true inner personality by asking family to help you.

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B. fulfilling all your desires without exception.

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C. private contemplation of the gods.

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D. self control, the kind that springs from wisdom.

Question 10 of 20 5.0 Points

Imagine the author of a History of Psychology textbook (known as book X) devotes a single chapter to “The Great Men of Psychology.” In contrast, the author of your textbook has sought to place psychology within larger social and historical patterns. One could argue that your history of psychology text represents an example of __________ while text book (X) represents a more __________ dimension.

 

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A. externalism; internal

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B. internalism; external

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C. a nomological perspective; semantic

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D. naturalism; deductive

Question 11 of 20 5.0 Points

The “New History” criticizes the “Old History” for:

 

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A. presenting history “from below.”

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B. offering too many Zeitgeist explanations.

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C. being externalist.

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D. often excluding women, minorities, and ordinary people.

Question 12 of 20 5.0 Points

The democratic life of the Greek polis:

 

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A. grew out of the tradition of philosophical argument that preceded it.

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B. caused classical Greeks to prefer private lives led at home.

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C. gave rise to open systems of thought.

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D. led to the abolition of slavery by 400 BC.

Question 13 of 20 5.0 Points

Bronze Age Greeks had a word “Psuche” that is a term that includes, among other things, the concept of life-spirit. However, the author of the text notes that nowhere in Homer’s the Iliad and Odyssey is there a word designating __________ as there is in Western psychology.

 

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A. romantic love

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B. mind or personality as a whole

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C. moral virtue

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D. God or gods

Question 14 of 20 5.0 Points

In terms of two scientific theories clashing with each other to explain phenomena, which of the following is an example of reduction?

 

 

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A. Ptolemaic view of the solar system to the Copernican system

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B. Mendelian genetics to molecular genetics

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C. Copernican system to Mendelian theory

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D. Whig theory to epistemology

Question 15 of 20 5.0 Points

The first Greek thinkers were naturalists searching for the phusis , which meant:

 

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A. the basic underlying element out of which all things are made.

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B. the uniquely human soul.

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C. divinely inspired knowledge of True Reality.

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D. the philosophical study of knowledge.

Question 16 of 20 5.0 Points

Your friend Joe says that Sally is outgoing, has many friends, and is the life of any party. When asked to explain why Sally behaves this way he explains that Sally is an extravert. A good student of psychology would point out that Joe appears to be violating __________ in his explanation for Sally’s behavior.

 

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A. falsification criteria

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B. Iron law of explanation

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C. reductionism

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D. the syntactic approach

Question 17 of 20 5.0 Points

The modern day phrase “If it feels good, do it!” summarizes the ethical doctrine of:

 

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A. Platonism.

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B. hedonism.

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C. common sense.

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D. atomism.

Question 18 of 20 5.0 Points

In the Hempel and Oppenheim covering-law model of explanation, the explanadum is the:

 

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A. law of nature from which the event is to be explained.

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B. set of laws covering the event.

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C. the logical steps connecting the relevant law to the explained event.

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D. thing to be explained.

Question 19 of 20 5.0 Points

In terms of how science changes, one could argue that historian Thomas Kuhn’s analysis uses a __________ approach that emphasizes the human dimension of science. In contrast, Sir Karl Popper offered an interesting theory of scientific change because Popper tackled the question of how science changes from a __________ rather than a historical point of view.

 

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A. epistemological; syntactic

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B. syntactic; epistemological

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C. reduction; replacement

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D. naturalistic; normative

Question 20 of 20 5.0 Points

When two scientific theories clash over their ability to explain some phenomena, there are two possible outcomes. One of these outcomes is when one theory is right and the other is wrong and the wrong theory is discarded. This outcome is known as:

 

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A. replacement.

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B. falsification.

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C. naturalism.

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D. reduction.