What factors determined whether decolonization remained peaceful or turned violent?

Read the following excerpts:

The world knows how hard we strove to avoid the civil war. Our objectives in fighting the war to crush Ojukwu’s rebellion were always clear. We desired to preserve the territorial integrity and unity of Nigeria. For as one country we would be able to maintain lasting peace amongst our various communities; achieve rapid economic development to improve the lot of our people; guarantee a dignified future and respect in the world for our prosperity and contribute to African unity and modernization. On the other hand, the small successor states in a disintegrated Nigeria would be victims of perpetual war and misery and neo-colonialism. Our duty was clear. And we are, today, vindicated.

-Announcement of the victorious Nigerian government after the end of the Biafran War, 1970

Land of the rising sun, we love and cherish,
Beloved homeland of our brave heroes;
We must defend our lives or we shall perish,
We shall protect our hearts from all our foes;
But if the price is death for all we hold dear,
Then let us die without a shred of fear.

-Anthem of Biafra, defeated by the Nigerian government in the Biafran War

Then answer the following question IN A 100 WORD ESSAY:

What factors determined whether decolonization remained peaceful or turned violent? PLEASE DETAILED AND STAY ON THE TOPIC OF THE EXCERPT GIVEN.