what has been the single most important technological innovation in the last 2 000 years

This is an essay from course PHYS-Changing Views of Universe.

The essay question is “What has been the single most important technological innovation in the last 2,000 years?”.

Please see detail in the attached file from professor.

Before start working on it, please let me know which technological innovation you choose.

Also please explain in the essay in detail why you choose this technology.

Please strictly follow the format and requirement from professor (see attached file), thanks.