What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up processing? Give an example of top-down and bottom-up processing.

What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up processing? Give an example of top-down and bottom-up processing.
What is phoneme restoration? Which types of words have stronger restoration effects?
What is the difference between categorical perception and voice-onset time (VOT)?
Describe dichotic listening experiments. What do they tell us about right-ear advantage (REA)?