Enhancing Students Communication Skills Case Study

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY • The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder. • Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted. • Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page. • Students must mention question number clearly in their answer. • Late submission will NOT be accepted. • Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions. • All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism). • Submissions without cover page, Learning Outcomes and Question Asked will NOT be accepted. • Assignment -3 should be submitted on or before the end of Week- 13. Learning Outcomes: • • • Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the communication architecture for professional success and a process for management writing. (Lo 1.2) Understand ethical and legal considerations in communications (Lo 3.3) Apply techniques to lead and participate in collaborative and individual management writing. (Lo 2.3) • Instructions to search the case study: 1. Via your student services page, log in to the Saudi Digital Library. 2. After your login with your student ID, search for the following case study: “Enhancing Students’ Communication Skills Through Problem Posing and Presentation” Author- Sugito, Sri Mulyani ES, Hartono, Supartono ISSN:2252-8822 Journal Homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJERE This aforementioned case study aims to explore- how to enhance communication skill through problem posing and presentation method. Download the case study, read it carefully and answer the following questions in your own words: 1- Demonstrate with specific examples two to three of the Communication functions, which were implemented throughout the research? ( Minimum of 150 words ) , [ 1.5 Mark } 2- Discuss the tools used to improve the Communication management practices following the Tables provided in the case? ( Minimum of 150 words ) , { 1.5 Mark } 3- To which extent do you agree with the author view regarding the importance of enhancing student’s communication skills ? Support your side with evidence (Minimum of 250),{2 Marks}. Write Answers from Next Page. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol.6, No.1, March 2017, pp. 17~22 ISSN: 2252-8822  17 Enhancing Students’ Communication Skills Through Problem Posing and Presentation Sugito, Sri Mulyani ES, Hartono, Supartono Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: th Received January 09 , 2017 Revised February 06th, 2017 Accepted February 09th, 2017 Keyword: Communication skills Presentation Problem posing This study was to explore how enhance communication skill through problem posing and presentation method. The subjects of this research were the seven grade students Junior High School, including 20 male and 14 female. This research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four steps, they were: planning, action, observation, and reflection. This study use interview, observation, and questionnaire to measure most widely used data gathering in communication skill students, and daily test (pre-test and post-test) to measure enhance achievement the students’. The data was analyzed comparing initial and final score. If the final score is better than initial score had been enhanced. Results of this study indicated that teaching and learning science used problem posing and presentation method can enhance ability communication skill, confidence, courage and responsibility on themselves disciples. Researcher is suggestion to use another method to enhance communication skill. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. Corresponding Author: Suparnoto, Science Education Program, Post Graduated UniversitasNegeri Semarang, Bendan Ngisor, Semarang, 50233, Indonesia. Email: gitafis@yahoo.co.id 1. INTRODUCTION Employers complain about a lack of soft skills among graduates from education institutions [1]. These are caused by soft skill do not include in curricula, but they should be part of any tertiary education so that students are not seriously [2]. Student’s fundamental skills have been obtained. It is possible that the lack of student skills poor course design, not inadequate instructional delivery [3] the specific causes the lack of students competence needs to be explored further. Therefore, teachers are required to integrate soft skills in learning thoroughly, effectively and efficiently. Soft skills are basic fundamental of an important skill in human and students’ lives [3], [1], [4] internal auditor [5], manager selection [6] and teachers. Soft skills include communication skills, problem solving skills creativity, critical and structured thinking, teamwork capability, negotiating skills, selfmanagement, imagination, curiosity, determination, passion, or persistence could be added. In order to simple from definition it, [1] separated become three categorize, i.e. personal qualities, interpersonal skills, and additional skills/knowledge. Auditors need to possess communication skill to successes and advancetothe changing complex international global, market place. At the manager selection, leader used communication skill for employees that can rely on in dealing with customers. Educators for promoting students’ communication skills by increasing peer interactions, stimulating students’ reasoning, and in constructing shared social knowledge [7]. Communication skill can build follow communicative activities like discussion, problem solving [8], model, multimedia, poster and oral presentation [9]. One of the examples above, communication skills very important competencies for twenty first century [7] due to the ability hard and soft skill will be able to resolve of various challenges Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJERE 18  ISSN:2252-8822 complex [10]. Teachers also need effective communication skill to success in teaching and learning every day [11]. Soft skill including communication skill could be integrated through active learning in management classroom [12]. Teacher used teaching strategies such as demonstrations, role plays, giving opportunities to practice oral language and discussion [13], visual communication [14] were effective to improve communication skill students’. In order to improve the communication skill, teachers has to focus on the communication process likes involve effective use of words, forming grammatically intelligible sentences and an appropriate use of voice and intonation while listening and speaking [15]. Student’s active learning through discussion, problem solving, problem posing and presentation. Presentation skills are vital to achieving success in all aspects of daily life [16]. Presentation should incorporate these four basic elements: (a) statement ideas clearly, (b) explain ideas, (c) support ideas with evidence from other sources, (d) conclude/restate ideas [17]. Therefore, students need to be trained providing self-reflection regarding their own presentation and giving feedbacks another group oral presentation is crucial to prepare themselves to compete in the competitive environment especially communications skills [18]. Presentation skills can be done using readily accessible technology (such as video hosting services) and proven pedagogy (including peer evaluations and instructional rubrics) to help students develop their professional speaking abilities and presentation skills [19]. A variety of formats exists in which to present: (a) paper presentations, (b) roundtable discussions, (c) poster sessions, (d) panel sessions/symposia, and (e) performances/demonstrations [20]. Presentation ability can enhance practice more and using notecards with highlighted key words [21] to communicate successfully, needed of linguistic levels, verbal skills and body language [22]. Problem posing is method that can make students activate [23]. It also provides an option for students, creativity to foster conceptual understanding, engages students in exploring mathematical ideas, rather than using authoritative [24]. Problem posing activity helps students to develop creativity, motivation and knowledge of mathematics [25]. Students are given an opportunity to experience the mathematical process, ask questions, formulate and test the conjecture and prove the result [26]. Learning by problem posing techniques is practiced in some classrooms, able to analyze and expand strategies that have proved effective [27]. By using problem posing and activities spoken, written, listening actively, read critically, presenting the audio visual aids can improve cooperative learning. Beside that cooperative learning produces interpersonal skill [28]; finally student’s communication skill can be increased.Based on the theoretical study presented above, teaching and learning adopt problem posing and presentation method can enhance achievement and communication skill students. 2. RESEARCH METHOD Classroom action research (CAR) was at improving achievement and communication skill students’ through problem posing and presentation method [29] emphasize that teachers are also researchers who reflectively investigate their practice through action research. We changed our course plan as a result of the continuous evaluation of our teaching. In others word it action research is teaching and learning process cyclical in nature involving multiple cycles. Action researches in teaching and learning science become more and more important. It provides a medium for teachers to look at their problem in the classroom in an effort to find practical solutions. Teachers involved in the classroom research that leads to improve teaching set an example for excellence in reflective practice [30]. The subjects of this research were the seven grade students Junior High School, including 20 male and 13 female. This research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four steps, they were: planning, action, observation, and reflection. First cycle was conducted in three meetings, and second cycle was conducted in two meetings, so the researcher conducted this research in three weeks. The action research model shows Figure 1. This study use interview, observation, and questionnaire to measure most widely used data gathering in communication skill students, and daily test (initial and final score) to measure enhance achievement the students’. Instruments modified and developed from the literature presented. We use a fivepoint scale Likert (5-strongly agree, 4-agree, 3-neutral, 2-disagree, 1-strongly disagree) to measure the students’ responses. Content validity instrument was evaluated based on the discussion item internal fellow science teachers at the school to ensure text was readable for Junior Height School students, who also as observers. Before the instrument is used, it has been tested on the 30 respondents to determine their validity and analyzed by Product moment. The instruments are valid, if r >= r t. (N=30, rt= 0.361, α= 0.05). Reliability was measured according to the Kuder-Richardson formula 21. The result is shown on Table 1 and Table 2. IJERE Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2017 : 17 – 22 IJERE  19 12 0.837 13 0.677 ISSN: 2252-8822 Table 1. Validity Questionnaire Item of Presentation No. Item r 1 0.483 2 0.606 3 0.588 No. Item r 1 0.441 2 0.402 4 0.583 5 0.688 6 0.398 7 0.497 8 0.630 9 0.458 10 0.785 11 0.364 Table 2. Validity Questionnaire Item of Problem Posing 3 0.659 4 0.520 5 0.389 6 0.413 7 0.568 8 0.670 9 0.508 10 0.437 11 0.432 12 0.654 The initial questionare problem posing and presentation consisted of fifteen questions. After being validated, the questions that were not suitable and correlated to the material were omitted. The questions consist of thirteen for presentation and twelve for problem posing questions. The observation sheet was also done by a collaborator who knew wheather the observation sheet had represented the data that woud be taken. The data got from the observation was validated through triangulation. The data was analyzed comparing initial and final score. If the final score is better than initial score had been enhanced. Figure1. Action Research Prosess 3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Table 1 shows the results of data analysis initial and final score from presentation quesionare. The numbers that emerge at Table 3 and Table 4 is the result of rounding. Rounding is done to make its more simple and easier to understand. From item number 1 to item number 13 in Table 3 indicate significantly enhancing ability of prensentation. These enhancing shows in the column gap, all items valued positive, it means there are enhance the ability from initial to final conditions. There are three items that enhancing fewer than 10%. Overall could be said that the analysis results showed significant differences between given before and after being treated. Table 3. Quesionare Presentation Item by Iniatial and Final Score No Item 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. I practice to present presentation at home I practice presentation in front of my friends I give opening greeting I tell the teaching objective My group introduce our self I use media when I make presentation I answer and respond some questions I give greeting to close the presentation I make group reflection I make conclusion I tell the materials coherently When the presentation, I use gesture to strees the presentation topic I will consider the suggestion/refutation of the group Initial (%) 71 60 79 77 83 64 74 83 69 78 74 68 73 Final (%) 87 85 94 87 96 69 84 93 83 85 87 75 83 Δ 16 25 15 10 13 5 10 10 14 7 13 7 10 Table 3 shows the results of analysis data initial and final scores from problem posing quesionare. There are not different with the presentation skills, all item questionnaire problem posing, which item number 1 to item number 12 also enhance score. It’s just the magnitude of enhance between before and after treatment are worth less than enhance in the ability to presentation. In fact there is one item that enhances only 1%. And no one any item that an enhancing more than 10%. Nevertheless, overall ability problem posing enhanced significantly. Enhancing Students’ Communication Skills Through Problem Posing and Presentation (Sugito)  20 ISSN:2252-8822 Table 4. Quesionare Problem Posing Item by Initial and Final Score No Item 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. I disccuss materisl with my friends I disccuss to find out the correct answer I give opportutity my friends to give question I will responsible of item test I have made I respect to di fferent opinion I always discuss to decide something I do not distinguish / select group of friends in I provide troubleshooting assistance to friends who ask I pay attention i discuss time alocation I talked to designate as the spoke during a presentation I was not disappointed when my opinion was not used I evaluated with members about the discussions and presentations Pre test (%) 83 73 83 79 87 84 81 77 75 73 82 72 Post test (%) 89 83 90 87 92 86 90 84 82 74 86 82 Δ 6 10 7 8 5 2 9 7 7 1 4 10 Table 5 shows the result of comparasing test competence before and final treatment. These scores obtained by students before and after the application of problem posing and presentation. From these data seem enhancing in the average, a maximum and minimum score. These indicate that the application of problem posing and presentasion could enhance spirit, motivation, self-confidence and academic achievement of learners [25]. Table 5. Academic Achievement of Students Before and After the Action(N=33) No. 1. 2. Test Before After Enhancing Maximum 95 100 5 Minimum 40 50 10 Average 67.4 77.7 10.3 StandarDeviasi 15.3 10.3 5.00 Before starting action, lesson plan was created and discussed advance together between researcher and abserver. There are several steps on its core activities which need to be improved, namely to discuss measures during problem posing. Besides, the observer reminded the researcher to be able to manage their time well. At the implementation first cyclus, much time used during discussions with the problem posing. And there are learners who have not been able to cooperate with their friends, there are members of a group does not do the work given from leader group, there are two learners who do not focus on science subjects proven to speak for themselves and there are learners as free rider other group members. Researcher was a facilitator to try providing and understanding of the importance of cooperation, in groups, to respect others, and respect other people’s work. After the learners to be warned by the educators,the students work together again in the group and also reminded that after discussions they must continued presentation of students’ work. When the presentation goes on, there are only two groups that do to presentation due to time limited. Both of group presentation, directly to read their result work of the group. The group presentation can not be present either in opening, explained and answered questions from his friends. They are just read the answer, butnot all members of the group, obviously with what was written. Besides that, students who asked during two group’s presentation, only three people.At reflection with the observer, observer given some inputs as a material changed on the second meeting. Observer more emphasis the problem learning syntax, characters. Therefore, teachermade some changes to the lesson plan on a plane lessons on problem posing. At the second meeting have been enhancing in various aspect, the discussion in making item test is better, even a debate when determining the item test selected. This proves that each member of the group had begun to feel the process of acceptance of new concepts built from reading and listening from the opinion of friends. Active time that is needed for discussion is also getting faster but did not leave the essence of the subject matter. There were two learners participants who disturb friend and unactively working group. At presentation has been opened with greetings, introducing their groups of member, and read the questions that have been created. Presenter in answering the question also turns and when no shortage of other friends must help their friends. Likewise, the participants who give questions consist of six people. They represent their group. There is one question that can not be answered by members of the group, then question was thrown to the other participants. It also shows the emergence of honesty, openness, respects the friend opinion of, admitted brilliant their friends, and can advice and criticism from each others[1], [16]. At this second meeting there are two groups also present to the presentation, but not previous above. In the end, presenter close the presentation with regards closing. Educators use minutes to do the posttest. IJERE Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2017 : 17 – 22 IJERE ISSN: 2252-8822  21 And after finishing the lesson, researcher discuss with the observer about the course of the implementation of learning. On this second occasion observer assesses the discussions and presentations have been better than the first meeting. Observer advised to be able to facilitate two students need special attention so that the classroom atmosphere more conducive. The third meeting entered a new basic competency that is substance changes. After educator open …
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